If the network is clear, the computer will transmit. If some other node is already transmitting on the cable, the computer will wait and try again when the line is clear. Sometimes, two computers attempt to transmit at the same instant. When this happens a collision occurs. Each computer then backs off and waits a random amount of time before attempting to retransmit.

With this access method, it is normal to have collisions. However, the delay caused by collisions and retransmitting is very small and does not normally effect the speed of transmission on the network. The Ethernet protocol allows for linear bus, star, or tree topologies. Data can be transmitted over twisted pair, coaxial, or fiber optic cable at a speed of 10 Mbps. Fast EthernetTo allow for an increased speed of transmission, the Ethernet protocol has developed a new standard that supports 100 Mbps.

This is commonly called Fast Ethernet. Fast Ethernet requires the use of different, more expensive network concentrators/hubs and network interface cards. In addition, category 5 twisted pair or fiber optic cable is necessary. Fast Ethernet is becoming common in schools that have been recently wired.Gigabit Ethernet The most recent development in the Ethernet standard is a protocol that has a transmission speed of 1 Gbps. Gigabit Ethernet is primarily used for backbones on a network at this time.

In the future, it will probably be used for workstation and server connections also. It can be used with both fiber optic cabling and copper. The 1000BaseTX, the copper cable used for Gigabit Ethernet, is expected to become the formal standard in 1999.LocalTalkLocalTalk is a network protocol that was developed by Apple Computer, Inc. for Macintosh computers. The method used by LocalTalk is called CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance).

It is similar to CSMA/CD except that a computer signals its intent to transmit before it actually does so. LocalTalk adapters and special twisted pair cable can be used to connect a series of computers through the serial port. The Macintosh operating system allows the establishment of a peer-to-peer network without the need for additional software. With the addition of the server version of AppleShare software, a client/server network can be established. The LocalTalk protocol allows for linear bus, star, or tree topologies using twisted pair cable.

A primary disadvantage of LocalTalk is speed. Its speed of transmission is only 230 Kbps. Token RingThe Token Ring protocol was developed by IBM in the mid-1980s. The access method used involves token-passing. In Token Ring, the computers are connected so that the signal travels around the network from one computer to another in a logical ring.

A single electronic token moves around the ring from one computer to the next. If a computer does not have information to transmit, it simply passes the token on to the next workstation. If a computer wishes to transmit and receives an empty token, it attaches data to the token. The token then proceeds around the ring until it comes to the computer for which the data is meant. At this point, the data is captured by the receiving computer.

The Token Ring protocol requires a star-wired ring using twisted pair or fiber optic cable. It can operate at transmission speeds of 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps. Due to the increasing popularity of Ethernet, the use of Token Ring in school environments has decreased. FDDIFiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a network protocol that is used primarily to interconnect two or more local area networks, often over large distances. The access method used by FDDI involves token-passing.

FDDI uses a dual ring physical topology. Transmission normally occurs on one of the rings; however, if a break occurs, the system keeps information moving by automatically using portions of the second ring to create a new complete ring. A major advantage of FDDI is speed. It operates over fiber optic cable at 100 Mbps.ATMAsynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a network protocol that transmits data at a speed of 155 Mbps and higher. ATM works by transmitting all data in small packets of a fixed size; whereas, other protocols transfer variable length packets.

ATM supports a variety of media such as video, CD-quality audio, and imaging. ATM employs a star topology, which can work with fiber optic as well as twisted pair cable.ATM is most often used to interconnect two or more local area networks. It is also frequently used by Internet Service Providers to utilize high-speed access to the Internet for their clients. As ATM technology becomes more cost-effective, it will provide another solution for constructing faster local area networks. isJustFreehttp://www.isjustfree.com/free/family_freebies-free.htm" class="links">Real Family Freebieshttp://www.isjustfree.com/free/latest_freebies-free.htm" class="links">free stuff from the USAhttp://www.isjustfree.com/free/free_surveys_us-free.htm" class="links">Best Surveys for Cah Rewardshttp://www.isjustfree.com/free/ringtones-free.htm" class="links">Real Free Ringtones and Logoshttp://www.isjustfree.com/win/free_contests_us-win.htm" class="links">Win Free Prizes with the latest free contests .

The Merseybeat movement that has spread across the world once again will be calling their phones "fab" and "gear" as the sounds of Frank Lee Sprague's newest LP and other Wichita Falls artists are ringing on thier cell phones. All of the latest releases from Wichita Falls Records have received rave reviews worldwide, and we are pleased to provide our fans with these excerpts for their mobile phones.For more information, visit; http://wichitafallsmobile.tripod.comPress only: (Art Fein)(323-851-5092)(e-mail protected from spam bots)For more information on Wichita Falls Records:http://www.wichitafallsrecords.com.

We believe that a true breakthrough in mobile gaming requires a combination of a widely-known international brand, an appealing format, an effective distribution channel, a strong marketing partnership and superior quality with an easy-to-learn and highly playable interface. The Survivor mobile game has all these in place," said Ilkka Paananen, CEO of Sumea Interactive Ltd.The Survivor mobile game has three game modes: career, single challenge and hot-seat multiplayer. In career mode, the player takes on a variety of challenges to win immunity in the tribal council voting. Another way to avoid being eliminated from the competition is to gain respect by collecting food for the tribe and by forming alliances with other members. The eight challenges are visually impressive and easy-to-play mini-games.

In single game mode, the player can select one of the mini-games to improve his/her high-score or to practice. The unique hot-seat multiplayer mode allows players to compete against friends using a single device."We are committed to serving different types of gamers with a series of high-quality mobile games. Sumea games are created by engineers, concept designers and game developers who take pride in understanding how traditional board and card games capture our hearts. Gaming must be simple, fun and, above all, stripped of technical restraints. Survivor marks the beginning of a series of Sumea games we currently have in development," said Ilkka Paananen, CEO of Sumea Interactive Ltd.Sumea has also licensed Survivor-themed ringtones, logos and wallpapers.

The Survivor mobile game will become available through Sumea's operator partners in March 2005.Sumea Contact:Ilkka Paananen, CEOEmail e-mail protected from spam botsCellular + 358 40 594 8173Agency Contact:Christina ForsgardEmail e-mail protected from spam botsCellular +358 40 571 9192About Sumea Sumea Interactive Ltd. is an award-winning game publisher and developer focused on creating high quality, innovative and technically superior games for mobile phones. Sumea's games are available through a wide network of distinguished partners all over the world, including Vodafone, O2, T-Mobile, Orange, AT&T Wireless, Cingular Wireless, Verizon Wireless, Wind, Telefonica, Swisscom, Mobilkom, TeliaSonera, Jamba! and Nokia Shops. Founded in 1999, Sumea is headquartered in Helsinki, Finland. http://www.sumea.com/.About CastawayThe global rights to Survivor are vested in UK based company Castaway Television Productions.

It licenses the Survivor programs, also known as Expedition Robinson, to broadcasters and producers all over the world..

Listed below are a few ringtones I've found. P.S. Complete article with the related links available on the website. Country Music Ringtones, a random selection of country music ringtones mp3 files for your phone,courtesy of mobile1ringtones.------Some of the available artists and songsDrinking Bone Country Music Ringtone by Tracy ByrdFriends in Low Places by Garth BrooksHe Stopped Loving Her Today by George JonesCarrying Your Love With Me by George StraitI Melt Ringtone By Rascal Flatts------Note: Polyphonic tunes sound a hell of alot better than the mono, however, the phone may have problem handling them. Nokia 3510, Sony Ericsson P800, and Siemens C55 are able to receive files for use as ringtones.

The phones contain a small sound card with various instruments.Also, the makers of CDs are starting to introduce software on your favorite disc; one of the best known is ringtone maker Xingtone, adding value to the CD, thus making ringtones of your favorite music a snap, (easy). Maybe the next CD you purchase may have the letters ECD on the label. ECD is short for enhanced compact audio disc... look for 'enhanced CD' on your next audio disc..

The addition of ZIMoBLOG allows Advanced Internet to build on its status as one of the nation's leading mobile data service providers."We have hundreds of thousands of unique visitors to our ringtone sites monthly," said Bob Bentz, Co-Owner of AdvancedTele.com. "We have been looking for a way to better serve the large number of cell camera phones in a community environment. ZIMoBLOG fits the need perfectly."AdvancedTele.com (http://www.advancedtele.com) is a Wayne, Pa. based company whose core competencies include automated call processing, e-commerce applications and mobile data services. Founded in 1989, AdvancedTele.com operates over 100 newspaper voice personals accounts and promotes and operates e-commerce products including internet dating and cellular ringtones (http://www.ringingphone.com and http://www.monstertones.com).

AdvancedTele.com has offices in Philadelphia, Chicago, Vancouver, London, Dublin and Prague. ZIM Corporation (http://www.zim.biz) is a leading two-way SMS text messaging application developer, service provider and aggregator for mobile communication. ZIM is based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada..

Prepaid cell phones or pay as you go cellular plans mean you don't have to have a credit check to obtain a phone. Often you'll find a decent plan that will give you a free or cheap prepaid cell phone as part of the deal.After you get your new cell phone, you may find that you want to purchase some additional phone accessories. Most cell phone manufacturers offer a wide range of discount phone accessories including: batteries, colorful faceplates, cases, hands free kit (great for driving), and car phone battery chargers.And who can resist all the other popular freebies you can get with a cell phone these days: Free cell phone ringtones or ringer (pop and rap music ringtones are especially popular); Free cell phone games; Free cell phone downloads to your computer; Free cell phone number search; and Free cell phone wallpapers are just a few.It's hard to believe that only a few years ago cell phones were something that only certain businesspeople used. Now, they're practically everywhere and may actually make the old style telephones obsolete in the near future.While they aren't quite as cool as those Star Trek communicators, they're pretty close. Best of all, they're free for the taking..

We hope to spread the word about our new ringtone store and the rockin' true tone ringtones to cell phone users everywhere. The Spraguemania movement that has spread across the world once again will be calling their phones "piratical" and "Spraguetastic" as the sounds of the Sprague Bros newest LP and other Wichita Falls artists are ringing on thier cell phones. All of the latest releases from Wichita Falls Records have received rave reviews worldwide, and we are pleased to provide our fans with these excerpts for their mobile phones. The Sprague Brothers are loved by true rock'n'roll fans around the globe, and now their fans can have all of Chris and Frank's best songs on their cellphones!For more information, visit; http://wichitafallsmobile.tripod.com Press only: (Art Fein)(323-851-5092)(e-mail protected from spam bots)For more information on Wichita Falls Records:http://www.wichitafallsrecords.com.

Powered by Unwired Appeal's Adaptive Content Server (ACS) technology, ToneGuys mobile content platform automatically optimizes digital images for hundreds of models of cell phones. Images that fit the individual's cell phone screen dimensions are then transferred directly to the phone and can be saved for future viewing or used as screensavers or wallpaper. About STARE MagazineSTARE Magazine is published online monthly, featuring beautiful models and tomorrow's superstars. It is the largest daily online publication for non-nude models, currently with 112 models, 1027 pictorials, 24267 images - more original content online than MAXIM, Stuff, and FHM. For more information visit www.staremagazine.com .

About ToneGuysToneGuys is dedicated to bringing both traditional and next-generation content to the mobile subscribers around the world. Polyphonic Ringtones, Truetones, Realtones, Java Games, Animated Graphics, Mobile Videos - the ToneGuys content library is continuously updated with unique material and is accessible by virtually all cell phone users in the USA. ToneGuys is a service mark of UK-based Unwired Appeal, Ltd. For more information contact e-mail protected from spam bots ..

Some ringtones are free while others may cost you anywhere from .50cents to $2.00 per tune. There are also some ringtone sites that will allow you to download either a set number or an unlimited number of ringtones per month for a flat monthly fee. This type of fee arrangement may be the most cost effective if you wish to download ringtones on a frequent basis.Ringtones are a cheap and fun way to personalize your cell phone. Depending on your musical taste you will be hip hopping, waltzing or be-bopping to the beat everytime you get a call!?copyright2004 , Cell Phone Ringtones. All rights reserved..

Bidding starts at just ?1.00 and is capped at ?30.Other dating sites all start with the premise that if for example, Julie wants to find love, then Julie should pay expensive fees to read replies or access emails sent to her by interested parties. She cannot pick and chose which replies interest her and no contact details are ever revealed to her other than an email address.Buymebay turns this notion on its head, and asks only that the interested parties should pay for the chance to chat to Julie, not the other way round. She won't pay a penny. She again receives an email address at the end of the process but this time she knows whoever won her auction, has watched her auction countdown, outbid other interested parties and paid for the chance to chat to her. This sorts out who is genuinely interested in her and who is just trying their luck.Members are limited to one auction at a time, but can bid on as many auctions as they like.Also of course, the real and thrill of taking part in an auction environment is well proven.

It is an exciting and fun thing to doonline and Buymebay think dating should be too.BuyMeBay went live only a few months ago but has over 1000 members in the Auction Site and 300 of these regularly chatting and flirting withother members in the 'FlirtZone'. At the moment any member who posts 100 times in the 'Flirtzone' can start using the Personal Messaging service offered. This also gives members another way of chatting privately, swapping email addresses and also offers a way of building up a lively community for all members to enjoy. Again this is free although members can pay to subscribe if they wish to Personal Message another member sooner than 100 posts..